[12] J. J. Marciniak,:

 “Encyclopedia of software engineering”, Volume 2, New York, NY: Wiley, 1994, pp.

1327-1358

[Marciniak94] A book intended for software engineers, this books gives introductions, overviews, and

technical outlines of the major areas in software engineering. A review in to test generators is given

where the major types of test case generators are given and their intended purpose and principles are

discussed. A review on the testing process is given where the entire process of testing is discussed

from planning to execution to achieving to maintenance retesting. All the common terms and ideas are

discussed. A review of testing tools is given where the testing tools for each purpose is discussed and

a couple for state of the art systems are given.

[13] E. F. Miller, “Introduction to Software Testing Technology,” Tutorial: Software Testing & Validation

Techniques, Second Edition, IEEE Catalog No. EHO 180-0, pp. 4-16:

[Miller81] This article serves as the one of the introductory sections of the book Tutorial: Software

Testing & Validation Techniques. A cross section of program testing technology before and around

the year 1980 is provided in this book, including the theoretical foundations of testing, tools and

techniques for static analysis and dynamic analysis, effectiveness assessment, management and

planning, and research and development of soft ware testing and validation. The article briefly

summarizes each of the major sections. The article also gives good view of the motivation forces, the

philosophy and principles of testing, and the relation of testing to software engineering.

[14] D. Richardson, O. O’Malley and C. Tittle, “Approaches to specification-based testing”, ACM

SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, Volume 14 , Issue 9, 1989, pp. 86 – 96

[ROT89] This paper proposes one of the earliest approaches focusing on utilizing specifications in

selecting test cases. In traditional specification-based functional testing, test cases are selected by hand

based on a requirement specification, thus makes functional testing consist merely heuristic criteria.

Structural testing has the advantage of that the applications can be automated and the satisfaction

determined. The authors propose approaches to specification-based testing by extending a wide

variety of implementation-based testing techniques to be applicable to formal specification languages,

and demonstrate these approaches for the Anna and Larch specification languages.